Batteries produce electricity

 

　　电池发电

 

　　An electrochemical battery produces electricity using two different metals in a chemical solution. A chemical reaction between the metals and the chemicals frees more electrons in one metal than in the other. One end of the battery is attached to one of the metals, and the other end is attached to the other metal.

 

　　电化学电池是将两种不同的金属置于化学溶液（电解质）中进行发电。两种 金属与溶液发生化学反应，一种金属释放出的电子多，一种金属释放出的电子少。电池的两极分别与两种金属相连。

 

　　The end that frees more electrons develops a positive charge, and the other end develops a negative charge. If a wire is attached from one end of the battery to the other, electrons flow through the wire to balance the electrical charge.

 

　　释放较多电子的一端为阳极，另一端为阴极。如果用导线把电池的两极连接 起来，为了实现电荷平衡，电子就会在导线中流动。

 

　　A load is a device that does work or performs a job. If a load-such as an incandescent light bulb-is placed along the wire, the electricity can do work as it flows through the wire. Electrons flow from the negative end of the battery through the wire to the light bulb. The electricity flows through the wire in the light bulb and back to the positive end of the battery.

 

　　负载指能够做功或是能够实现某种功能的装置。如果把一个负载，比如白炽灯泡连接在导线上， 电流通过导线灯泡即可做功。电子从电池的负极通过导线流向灯泡。电流通过导线流过灯泡然后回到电池的阳极。

 

　　Electricity travels in circuits

 

　　电流在电路中流动

 

　　Electricity must have a complete path before the electrons can move. If a circuit is open, the electrons cannot flow. When we flip on a light switch, we close a circuit. The electricity flows from an electric wire, through the light bulb, and back out another wire. The light bulb produces light as electricity flows through a tiny wire in the bulb, gets very hot, and glows. When we flip the switch off, we open the circuit and no electricity flows to the light. The bulb burns out when the tiny wire breaks and the circuit is opened.

 

　　电子若要移动，首先要有完整的回路。如果电路断开，电子便无法流动。我们打开电灯开关，即闭合了电路。电流从一根导线中流出，通过灯泡，然后流回 另一根导线。电流通过灯泡中的细灯丝，导致电丝发热、发光，灯泡就亮了。我 们关闭开关，即断开电路，没有电流通过灯泡。如果灯丝断裂，电路切断，灯泡 就会烧坏。

 

　　When we turn on a TV, electricity flows through wires inside the TV set, producing pictures and sound. Sometimes electricity runs motors like in washers or mixers. Electricity does a lot of work for us many times each day.

 

　　当我们打开电视，电视机内部的电线有电流流过，电视才产生图像、播放声音。有时，电也用来驱动洗衣机或搅拌机里的电机。每天，我们要多次用电完成 很多工作。